![]() While it causes moderate respiratory symptoms, it does not lead to cardiac injury. HCoV-NL63 is also a coronavirus that enters cells by attaching to ACE2 receptors. The spike protein works by latching onto receptors known as angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on healthy cells, so it may then enter them. SARS-CoV-2 enters healthy cells via its spike protein, located on its surface. The researchers presented their findings at the American Heart Association’s Basic Cardiovascular Sciences Scientific Sessions 2022. That’s why it’s important to get vaccinated and prevent this disease,” he added. “Our data show that the spike protein from SARS-CoV-2 causes heart muscle damage. Zhiqiang Lin, lead author of the study and an assistant professor at the Masonic Medical Research Institute in Utica, New York. What we suspect is that the spike protein has unknown pathological roles,” said Dr. “It’s already known from the clinical side that COVID-19 infection can induce heart injury, however, what we don’t know is the mechanistic details of how this occurs. ![]() Recently, researchers conducted a series of experiments that suggested SARS-CoV-2’s spike protein can lead to heart muscle injury through an inflammatory process. Knowing more about how SARS-CoV-2 affects the heart could help develop new treatments to protect cardiac health. Other research shows that individuals who have contracted COVID-19- even if they were not hospitalized- are at an increased risk of cardiovascular conditions. PMID: 33798667 PMCID: PMC8008785.Studies show that up to 62% of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 experience cardiac injury. The dawn of mRNA vaccines: The COVID-19 case. Verbeke R, Lentacker I, De Smedt SC, Dewitte H. Messenger RNA-based vaccines: Past, present, and future directions in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Jain S, Venkataraman A, Wechsler ME, Peppas NA. Scientific journal articles for further reading Researchers are studying how mRNA might be used to develop vaccines for additional diseases. These vaccines use mRNA that directs cells to produce copies of a protein on the outside of the coronavirus known as the “spike protein”. Currently vaccines for COVID-19, the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, are the only authorized or approved mRNA vaccines. Like all vaccines in the United States, mRNA vaccines require authorization or approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) before they can be used. If a person is exposed to a virus after receiving mRNA vaccination for it, antibodies can quickly recognize it, attach to it, and mark it for destruction before it can cause serious illness. Once produced, antibodies remain in the body, even after the body has rid itself of the pathogen, so that the immune system can quickly respond if exposed again. Antibodies help protect the body against infection by recognizing individual viruses or other pathogens, attaching to them, and marking the pathogens for destruction. As part of a normal immune response, the immune system recognizes that the protein is foreign and produces specialized proteins called antibodies. ![]() (Individuals who get an mRNA vaccine are not exposed to the virus, nor can they become infected with the virus by the vaccine.) By using this mRNA, cells can produce the viral protein. MRNA vaccines work by introducing a piece of mRNA that corresponds to a viral protein, usually a small piece of a protein found on the virus’s outer membrane. mRNA from vaccines does not enter the nucleus and does not alter DNA. Once cells finish making a protein, they quickly break down the mRNA. Messenger RNA is a type of RNA that is necessary for protein production. However, scientists have developed a new type of vaccine that uses a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA) rather than part of an actual bacteria or virus. ![]() Most vaccines contain a weakened or dead bacteria or virus. All vaccines introduce into the body a harmless piece of a particular bacteria or virus, triggering an immune response. Vaccines help prevent infection by preparing the body to fight foreign invaders (such as bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens). ![]()
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